Hardeman County History and Information

Hardeman County was formed from the Jackson Purchase and attached to Hardin County, MadisonCounty, before the Tennessee General Assembly created Hardeman County in 1823. The county was named in honor of Thomas Jones Hardeman (1788-1854), Creek War and War of 1812 soldier, prominent figure in the fight for Texas independence and Republic of Texas Congressman. He was commissioner of the town of Bolivar before moving to Texas in 1835.

Settlement of the county began almost immediately, with most settlers migrating from Middle Tennessee, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Kentucky. Among the early settlers were Ezekiel Polk, the grandfather of President James K. Polk, and his son and son-in-law, William Polk and Thomas McNeal, and Rufus

The county seat was established first on Hatchie River and named Hatchie Town. In April 1824 the commissioners chose the present site on land offered by William Ramsey and called the town Bolivar in honor of the South American patriot Simon Bolivar. The town was incorporated in 1847 and was governed by a mayor, recorder, and five aldermen.

Newspapers were published in Altamont and Tracy City. Scattered early issues are available from 1887, and a complete run begins in 1946. See Extended History for More information. There was a fire at the Hardeman County courthouse in 1864.

Hardeman County is bordered by Madison County (north), Chester County (northeast), McNairy County (east), Alcorn County, Mississippi (southeast), Tippah County, Mississippi (south), Benton County, Mississippi (southwest), Fayette County (west) and Haywood County (northwest). Cities and Towns include Bolivar, Hickory Valley, Hornsby, Middleton, Saulsbury, Toone, Whiteville. The Official County Website is located at http://www.hardemancotn.org/

Tennessee State Library and Archives has Inventories of Hardeman County Records on Microfilm. Click Here to Order County Microfilm Inventories and Reels. Early Bradley County Records. Newspaper Microfilms are loaned to Tennessee libraries. Individual reels may also be purchased. An Inventory of Newspapers on Microfilm at TSLA is available on our web site.. Hardeman County, Tennessee History Books at Amazon.com.

• Search Historical Newspapers from Tennessee (1795 - 1929 ) - Quickly find names and keywords in over 125 million articles, obituaries, marriage notices, birth announcements and other items published in more than 500,000 issues of over 2,500 historical U.S. newspapers. New content added monthly!
• Family History Library - The largest collection of free family history, family tree and genealogy records in the world.
• Stories, Memories & Histories - Stories and histories compiled by others researching a person or area can be an amazing source of information about your ancestors. Not only do they generally contain dates and places of vital events like birth, marriage, and death, but they often relate stories and memories that help you really get to know the character of your ancestors.

Hardeman County Court Records

See Also Tennessee Land Records, Marriage Records, Court & Probate Records

Researchers often overlook the importance of court records, probate records, and land records as a source of family history information.

PLEASE READ FIRST!!!! Please call the clerk's department to confirm hours, mailing address, fees and other specifics before visiting or requesting information because of sometimes changing contact information.

Hardeman County Clerk has Marriage Records from 1823 and Probate Records from 1823 and is located at Courthouse, 100 N. Main St., Bolivar, TN 38008-2322; Telephone: (731) 658-3142.

The County Clerk maintains Marriage & Divorce records. It also has jurisdiction over probate cases. Wills, administrations, and all other records pertaining to probate are recorded in the respective county clerk's office. If the will or administration was contested, the records of these actions may be filed in the circuit court or chancery court.

Hardeman County Register of Deeds has Land Records from 1823 and is located at Courthouse, 100 N. Main St., Bolivar, TN 38008-2322; Telephone: (731) 658-3541.

The Register of Deeds office has land records beginning with county organization, land records are available from the register of deeds at the Hardeman county courthouse. Land and property records include transfer of real estate or personal property, mortgages, leases, surveys, and entries

Hardeman County Clerk of Circuit Court has Court Records from 1810 and is located at Courthouse, 100 N. Main St., Bolivar, TN 38008-2322; Telephone: (731) 658-6534 .

Circuit Court Clerks serve an important role in the operation of the court system in Tennessee. Chancery courts have jurisdiction over property disputes, and circuit courts oversee criminal cases, divorces, and adoptions. Early courts included courts of common pleas and quarter sessions.

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Court Records. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Court Records by clicking the link below:

• Hardeman County, Tennessee Court Books at Amazon.com
• Court, Land, Wills & Financial - Court records are an often overlooked, yet very valuable tool for finding information to assist you in your research. Land records, such as deeds, allow you to tie an ancestor to a specific place at a point in time. Other court records like those dealing with finances and estates often list related family members or give interesting details like the total value of property owned by your ancestors to add interest to your family history.
• Immigration & Emigration - As our ancestors moved from one country to another, details about their lives were recorded on passenger lists and government documents. Immigration and emigration records can help you learn where your ancestors originally came from, where they went, when they left, who they traveled with, and more.
• Index to Tennessee Death Records 1908-1912
• Tennessee Marriage and Bible Records
• Tennessee Marriages to 1825
• Tennessee State Marriages, 1780-2002
• Tennessee Marriages, 1851-1900

Hardeman County Vital Records

See Also Vital Records in Tennessee

Birth, marriage, and death records are connected with central life events. They are prime sources for genealogical information.

Contact the Hardeman County Clerk For County Marriage Divorce Records (See Hardeman County Court Records for Address and Phone number) in the county where Certificate was granted.

Tennessee State Vital Records, is located at Central Services Building, 1st Floor, 421 5th Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee 37243; Phone (615) 741-1763, FAX (615) 741-9860. The Tennessee Office of Vital Records registers and maintains the original certificates of births, deaths, marriages and divorces that occur in Tennessee. They have the following records:

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• Birth Certificates: Records are available beginning with January 1914, for Nashville since June 1881, for Knoxville since July 1881, and for Chattanooga since January 1882. Records of some births that occurred in the major cities from 1881-1913 are also available. A certified photocopy of the original record may be obtained at a fee of $12.00 for the first copy and $4.00 for each additional copy of the same record requested at the same time. For persons born from 1949 to the present, a certified copy produced by computer is also available at a fee of $7.00 for the first copy and $4.00 for each additional copy of the same record requested at the same time. You can download an application online for Birth Certificates. For Earlier Records See Tennessee State Library and Archives Below.
• Death Certificates: Death records are available for the past 50 years (1957). The fee is $7.00 per certified copy. The cause of death is not normally included on a certified copy unless specifically requested and then is available only to certain family members or legal representatives. You can download an application online for Death Certificates. For Earlier Records See Tennessee State Library and Archives Below. Click Here to Search the Social Security Death Index for FREE
• Marriage & Divorce Certificates: Marriage and divorce records are available for the past 50 years at a fee of $12.00 for the first copy and $4.00 for each additional copy of the same record requested at the same time. You can download an application online for Marriage Certificates or Divorce Certificate. For Earlier Records See Tennessee State Library and Archives Below.
• Order Online: You can also order Order Electronically Online to obtain a certified copy of a birth, marriage, death or divorce record with a credit or debit card and get the certificates within 2-5 days by ordering from VitalChek Express Certificate Service.

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Make certified checks and money orders should be made payable to "Tennessee Vital Records". Credit Cards may be uses by using VitalChek services Please do not send cash or checks. Fees are non refundable. Additional fees are required for expedited service. Mail all Applications to: Tennessee State Vital Records, Central Services Building, 1st Floor, 421 5th Avenue North, Nashville, TN, 37243.

Tennessee State Library and Archives have the following records:

• Birth Records & "Delayed" Birth Certificates: Tennessee began keeping birth records statewide in 1908. TSLA has statewide birth records for the years 1908-1912. To find a birth record, we need the following information: name of child, date of birth or approximate date of birth, county of birth (if known) and names of parents (if known). The larger cities in Tennessee did keep earlier birth records: Nashville (beginning in 1881); Knoxville (beginning in 1881); Chattanooga (beginning in 1879); and Memphis (beginning in 1874). Only the early Nashville birth records are indexed. For birth records after 1912 or for "delayed" birth certificates filed for persons born after 1903, contact the Office of Vital Records above.
  TSLA also has "delayed" birth certificates for persons born 1869 - 1903. These delayed certificates were filed at the request of the individual or that person's representative for legal reasons. To locate a delayed birth certificate, we need the following information: name of child, date of birth or approximate date of birth, county of birth (if known) and names of parents (if known). E-mail TSLA and they can check thier index to the "delayed" birth records for a specified name. Please specify that you are requesting a "delayed" birth certificate.
  
  There is a $20 fee to search for a birth record. If the record is found, they will mail a copy to you. If the record is not found, you will be notified by mail. The $20 fee is not refundable. Payment in advance by check, money order or credit card is required. Send your request to Tennessee State Library and Archives, Research Department, 403 Seventh Avenue North, Nashville TN 37243-0312. [GO TO FORMS PAGE].
  
  
• Death Records: Tennessee began keeping death records statewide in 1908. TSLA has statewide death records for the years 1908-1912 and 1914-1955. To find a death record, we need the following information: name of individual, date of death (or three year range to search), county of death (if known) and name of spouse (if known). Please keep in mind that some deaths were not recorded, due to poor record-keeping by local officials. For death records from 1956 to the present, contact the Office of Vital Records above.
  The larger cities in Tennessee did keep earlier death records: Nashville (beginning in 1874); Knoxville (beginning in 1881); Chattanooga (beginning in 1872); and Memphis (beginning in 1848). Only the early Nashville and Memphis death records are indexed. TSLA can search the unindexed records for one year only; you must provide us with the name of individual, date of death, the city, and the name of the spouse (if known).
  There is a $20 fee to search for a death record. If the record is found, they will mail a copy to you. If the record is not found, you will be notified by mail. The $20 fee is not refundable. Payment in advance by check, money order or credit card is required. Send your request to Tennessee State Library and Archives, Research Department, 403 Seventh Avenue North, Nashville TN 37243-0312. [GO TO FORMS PAGE]

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Vital Records. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Vital Records by clicking the link below:

• VitalChek Express Certificate Service - Some documents are just too important to wait six weeks for. With VitalChek Express Certificate Service you won’t have to. VitalChek is the fast and convenient way to order certified government-issued vital records online. They make it easy for you to purchase the documents to which you are legally entitled. Beware of other online services that do not have relationships directly with the agencies that store your vital records. VitalChek's order process usually takes less than 10 minutes --And you can select express courier service for even faster delivery when time is running out.
• Click Here to Search the Social Security Death Index for FREE - Search over 82 million death records and get genealogical information crucial to your family research. New content added weekly! Most comprehensive SSDI site online!
• Research Death records In The World's Largest Newspaper Archive at NewpaperArchive.com! - Find thousands of historical newspaper articles about deaths. Search for local articles about an old family friend that died many years ago or a celebrity that committed suicide. Historical newspapers contain a wealth of information about the deceased.
• Index to Tennessee Death Records 1908-1912
• Tennessee Marriage and Bible Records
• Tennessee Marriages to 1825
• Tennessee State Marriages, 1780-2002
• Tennessee Marriages, 1851-1900
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Birth, Marriage & Death Books at Amazon.com
• Birth, Marriage & Death - Vital records (births, deaths, marriages, and divorces) mark the milestones of our lives and are the foundation of family history research. Vital records, usually kept by a civic authority, can give you a more complete picture of your ancestor, help you distinguish between two people with the same name, and help you find links to a new generation.

Hardeman County Census Records

See Also Research In Census Records & Statewide Records that exist for Tennessee

Few, if any, records reveal as many details about individuals and families as do government census records. Substitute records can be used when the official census is unavailable

Countywide Records: Federal Population Schedules that exist for Hardeman County, Tennessee are 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930. Other Federal Schedules to look at when researching your family tree in Hardeman County, Tennessee are Industry and Agriculture Schedules available for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Slave Schedules exist for 1850 & 1860. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880.

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Census Records. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Census Records by clicking the link below:

• Hardeman County, Tennessee Census Books at Amazon.com
• Census & Voter Lists - A census is an official list of the people in a particular area at a given time, while voter lists show those who were registered to vote in a certain area. The valuable information found on census records helps you to understand your family in their time and place. Voter Lists serve as a confirmation of residence in between the years that the census was taken.

Hardeman County Maps & Atlases

See Also Research In State Map Collections

Genealogy Atlas has images of old American atlases during the years 1795, 1814, 1822, 1823, 1836, 1838, 1845, 1856, 1866, 1879 and 1897 for Tennessee and other states.

You can view rotating animated maps for Tennessee showing all the county boundaries for each census year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in county boundaries. You can view a list of maps for other states at Census Maps

You can view rotating animated maps for Tennessee showing all the county boundary changes for each year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in county boundaries . You can view a list of maps for other states and State Department of Transportation Maps at County Maps. The Tennessee Department of Transportation has county maps the show the locations of churches, cemeteries, roads, ect... free for viewing or download here

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Maps. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Maps by clicking the link below:

• Hardeman County, Tennessee Map Books at Amazon.com
• Maps, Atlases & Gazetteers - Maps are an invaluable part of family history research, especially if you live far from where your ancestor lived. Because political boundaries often changed, historic maps are critical in helping you discover the precise location of your ancestor's hometown, what land they owned, who their neighbors were, and more.

Hardeman County Military Records

See Also Military Records in Tennessee

Military and civil service records provide unique facts and insights into the lives of men and women who have served their country at home and abroad.

The uses and value of military records in genealogical research for ancestors who were veterans are obvious, but military records can also be important to re-searchers whose direct ancestors were not soldiers in any war. The fathers, grandfathers, brothers, and other close relatives of an ancestor may have served in a war, and their service or pension records could contain information that will assist in further identifying the family of primary interest. Due to the amount of genealogical information contained in some military pension files, they should never be overlooked during the research process. Those records not containing specific genealogical information are of historic value and should be included in any overall research design.

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Military Records. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Military Records by clicking the link below:

• Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents in NARA publication M246 include muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other miscellaneous personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, 1775-83.
• Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents in NARA publication NARA publication M881. Compiled service records of soldiers who served in the American Army during the Revolutionary War, 1775-1783.
• Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, from NARA publication M804.
• Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Tennessee (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Compiled service records of Confederate soldiers from Tennessee units, labeled with each soldier's name, rank, and unit, with links to revealing documents about each soldier.
• Case Files of Applications from Former Confederates for Presidential Pardons ("Amnesty Papers"), 1865-67 from the State of Tennessee (The National Archives): NARA M1003. View, Print Copy & Save Original Applications for pardon submitted to President Andrew Johnson, 1865-67, by former Confederates excluded from earlier amnesty proclamations.
• Organization Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served Between 1861 and 1900 from the State of Tennessee (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Pension applications for service in the U.S. Army between 1861 and 1917, grouped according to the units in which the veterans served.
• Southern Claims Commission from the State of Tennessee (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents In the 1870s, southerners claimed compensation from the U.S. government for items used by the Union Army, ranging from corn and horses, to trees and church buildings.
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Military Books at Amazon.com
• Tennessee Society Daughters of the American Revolution
• Tennessee Society Sons of the Revolution
• Tennessee Civil War Regimental Histories
• Tennessee, Civil War Confederate Pension Applications Index
• Military - The men and women called to serve their country in military duty are a source of pride to their families and to their nation. Now, with databases containing more than 16 million names and thousands of government records available to search, researching your veteran ancestors has become easier than ever before.

Hardeman County Tax Records

See Also Research In Tax Records

Tennessee tax lists can be used to locate families, document historic properties and study community history. Early tax lists generally include all white males over 21 and indicate whether they owned land or slaves. They usually do not provide other personal information.

The tax lists enumerated for Hardeman County for the years: 1824-1854, 1865-1881 ; are available on microfilm at the Tennessee State Library and Archives. They are generally filed with each county's records, but some early lists are in a separate collection. To order a search of the records by mail, follow this link [EMAIL]

The 1796 Constitution levied taxes on “every freeman of the age of twenty-one years and upward possessing a freehold in the county wherein he may vote, and being an inhabitant of this State, and every freeman being an inhabitant of any one county in the State six months immediately preceding the day of the election, shall be entitled to vote....”

Many early surviving tax records were published in an effort to replace the missing federal censuses. Original extant tax records are preserved in the respective county courthouse as well as in the Tennessee State Library and Archives, where a card index exists for tax records in its collection pre-dating 1835, arranged by county, date, and district.

Original tax schedules for most Tennessee counties for 1836 through 1839 are available at the Tennessee State Library and Archives.

The 1891 tax lists of male inhabitant voters in each county were recently found. Available on microfilm at the Tennessee State Library and Archives, these nine reels are arranged alphabetically within each district in each county. Tax records from trustees office in counties are available on microfilm as well.

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Tax Records. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Tax Records by clicking the link below:

• Hardeman County, Tennessee Tax Books at Amazon.com

Hardeman County Genealogical Addresses

See Also Other Tennessee Genealogical Addresses

The Repositories in this section are Archives, Libraries, Museums, Genealogical and Historical Societies. Many County Historical and Genealogical Societies publish magazines and/or news letters on a monthly, quarterly, bi-annual or annual basis. Contacting the local societies should not be over looked. State Archives and Societies are usually much larger and better organized with much larger archived materials than their smaller county cousins but they can be more generalized and over look the smaller details that local societies tend to have. Libraries can also be a good place to look for local information. Some libraries have a genealogy section and may have some resources that are not located at archives or societies. Also, take a special look at any museums in the area. They sometimes have photos and items from years gone by as well as information of a genealogical interest. All these places are vitally important to the family genealogist and must not be passed over.

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Genealogical Addresses. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Genealogical Addresses by clicking the link below:

• Bolivar-Hardeman County Library, 213 N. Washington Street, Bolivar, TN 38008 731-658-3436
• Middleton Community Library, 110 Bolton Ave., P.O. Box 40, Middleton, TN 38052 731-376-0680
• Tennessee State Library and Archives, 403 Seventh Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37243-0312; Phone: (615) 741-2764, Fax (615) 741-6471
• Tennessee Genealogical Society, P.O. Box 3343, 9114 Davies Plantation Rd, Brunswick, TN 38014, (901) 381-1447; [EMAIL]
• Tennessee Historical Society, 300 Capital Boulevard, Nashville 37243
• Newspapers & Periodicals - The Newspapers & Periodicals Collection lets you discover a wealth of information about your ancestors from many historical newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals. These types of sources can often supplement public records and provide information that is not recorded anywhere else. Here, you can learn more about your ancestor's possible daily activities by placing them in the context of their time.
• Directories & Member Lists - Directories and member lists are typically compilations of information about people who belonged to various associations and groups or lived within city boundaries. They can be thought of as the predecessors to the modern-day phone book and usually list names, addresses, and sometimes the occupations of your ancestors.

Hardeman County Church & Cemeteries

See Also Church & Cemetery Records in Tennessee

Obituaries can vary in the amount of information they contain, but many of them are genealogical goldmines, including information such as names, dates, places of birth and death, marriage information, and family relationships.

There are many churches and cemeteries in Hardeman County. Some transcriptions are online. A great site is the Hardeman County Tombstone Transcription Project. The Tennessee Department of Transportation has county maps the show the locations of churches and cemeteries free for viewing or download here.

Although few histories for Tennessee churches have been published, there are church records for almost every county in the state. Baptist, Presbyterian, and Methodist were the principal religions of early settlers in the state, and documents from these groups make up the largest number of records available. Other representative religions include Lutheran, Church of Christ, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, and Jewish. Most early Tennessee churches only kept minutes and membership records. Church records could, however, include records of baptism, marriage, burial, membership, or removal, but it is rare to find all or several of these categories maintained by one church.

A large collection of transcripts of Tennessee cemetery records has been compiled by members of chapters of the DAR. Records collection available at the Tennessee State Library and Archives and through the FHL. The state library and archives has notebooks containing listings of cemetery records.

County genealogical and historical societies and local citizens have collected, compiled, and published numerous volumes of cemetery records.

Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Cemetery & Church Records. Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Cemetery & Church Records by clicking the link below:

• Find Obituaries in The World's Largest Newspaper Archive at NewpaperArchive.com! - Find thousands of obituaries to help you research your family history. Search for a newspaper obituary about your ancestor or a celebrity. Begin your search today and find death notices and funeral announcements printed in newspapers throughout the world.
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Cemetery Books at Amazon.com
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Church Books at Amazon.com

Family Trees & Genealogy Tidbits

 

The use of published genealogies, electronic files containing genealogical lineage, and other compiled sources can be of tremendous value to a researcher.

When view family trees online or not, be sure to only take the info at face value and always follow up with your own sources or verify the ones they provide. Below is a list of online resources for Hardeman County Family Trees, web forums and other family type information . Email us with websites containing Hardeman County Family Trees, web forums and other family type information by clicking the link below:

• Search for Local Tennessee Researchers or Earn Money by becoming a Local Tennessee Researcher!
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Family Books at Amazon.com
• Search 60 Years Of Everton Data : For the first time ever you can get access to more than 150,000 pedigree files and family group sheets from Evertons.
• Search the Family Tree DNA Project- Use DNA testing to break through your genealogical barriers!
• Sites on USGenweb: [ Hardeman County ] [ Tennessee ] [ Main Page ]
• [GenForum Message Boards] [Rootsweb Message Boards]
• Genealogy Encyclopedia: General Abbreviations, Early Illnesses, Nickname Meanings, Worldwide Epidemics, Early Occupations, Common Terms, Censuses Explained, Free Genealogical Forms
• Nichols and Related Families of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virgina.
• The Tennessee Family Group Sheet Project
• Family Trees - Ancestry has thousands of family trees shared by other members. They can help you identify how ancestors are related and give you clues about birth, marriage, and death information. Family trees are an excellent resource for filling in gaps in your research or even to simply know where to begin.
• Pictures - One of the more exciting discoveries in doing family history research is finding a photograph of your ancestors or their residence. Finding historic postcard photos and drawings of towns and important events throughout history can also give you a visual look into your ancestors lives.
• Reference Materials & Finding Aids - Reference materials, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other how-to books, can be tremendously helpful in finding and interpreting historical documents. Many of these books can help you learn where to look for more information and how to use what you've already found to uncover more clues.
• The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture

Extended History

 

The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture © Tennessee Historical Society

Today, Bolivar embraces both the old and the new. City residents enjoy recreational facilities that include a city park, city swimming pool, and the Hardeman County Golf and Country Club. The city has a weekly newspaper, the Bolivar Bulletin-Times, two radio stations, and cable television. City government consists of a mayor and city council. In 1973 Bolivar took steps to preserve the architectural worth of the many antebellum houses still in use by creating a historical and cultural district of twenty sites in the uptown area. A Victorian Village was established with the district.

The town of Grand Junction became synonymous with railroads as a result of the 1854 junction of the Memphis and Charleston and the Mississippi Central Railroads. By 1858 Grand Junction had a newspaper, the Quid Nunc. Today, the town is the home of the National Bird Dog Museum and Field Trial Hall of Fame. Grand Junction acquired these facilities because of its proximity to the Ames Plantation, where the annual National Bird Dog Field Trial takes place each spring. The Hobart Ames Foundation operates the plantation for the benefit of the University of Tennessee. On the plantation grounds is "Cedar Grove," the plantation house built by John Walker Jones in 1847.

Other Hardeman County towns also owe their existence to the railroads. Hickory Valley is situated on the old Mississippi Central Railroad. In 1920 H. H. McMurtree and Luke Wadley built a sassafras mill near Hickory Valley. Pulliam's Crossing was established around the same time the railroad was built in 1855. In 1897 H. B. Duryea built a noted stock farm for shorthorn cattle on three thousand acres near the rail crossing.

The first flourishing settlement at Hornsby was called Bright Prospect before it took the name Crainville. The town's reputation rested on the discovery of artesian wells in 1915. By 1923 the town boasted nine artesian wells and had become a favorite spot for political candidates to hold rallies and barbecues.

Middleton began as a small settlement called Slab Town. In 1946 the Tennessee Gas Transmission Company (now Tennessee Gas Pipeline, part of the ElPaso Corporation), a major supplier of natural gas in the United States, located in Middleton. Recently, the town has emerged as a major retail and industrial center. Labor Day weekend is celebrated with the Fur, Fin, and Feather Festival. Middleton also celebrates the M-Town Variety Show in November and sponsors a Christmas parade and Christmas yard- and business-decorating contests in December.

Saulsbury was incorporated in 1856 and quickly became a leading area cotton market. As a result of the importance of Saulsbury, the county polling place moved from Berlin to Saulsbury. The town also engaged in sand mining, and James H. Godsey established a leather goods manufacturing industry. Today, Saulsbury holds an annual community celebration with the lighting of the Christmas tree.

Eight cousins established the town of Silerton, which was incorporated in 1923. Jim Rowland served as the first mayor. Silerton became the center of the county's timber trade. Toone, named for James Toone, became a major shipping point for the northern part of the county when the railroad came through in 1856. T. C. Conner established a pottery there, the only one of its kind in West Tennessee.

Whiteville, which was incorporated in 1854, first emerged in the early nineteenth century when Dr. John White opened a trading post. John S. Norment built the first and only cloth manufacturing factory near Whiteville. In 1900 the community supported a newspaper, the Whiteville News. Today, Whiteville is the site of a Tennessee Technology Center. The town celebrates Children's Day, a Harvest Festival, and a December Parade. Anderson's Fruit Farm maintains markets at Whiteville and Cloverport.

Pocahontas in the southeastern part of the county was the site of a Civil War battle at Davis Bridge, part of the Corinth campaign. Today, visitors reach the National Register-listed site via a walking trail. Pocahontas is also the home of the Big Hill Pond State Natural Area, a park abounding in wildlife, with fishing, nature trails, and scenic areas. Middleburg, once a thriving community, was destroyed during the Civil War. Only Lax's Ole Country Store survives as a reminder of the former community.

Several Tennesseans of note have come from Hardeman County. Elizabeth Avery Meriwether, an ardent nineteenth-century supporter of women's rights was born in Bolivar. She wrote numerous articles and essays in support of her cause and published two books, Recollections of 92 Years and The Master of Red Leaf, Black and White. John Houston Bills, a Hardeman County planter, maintained private journals for the years 1843 to 1871; they are an invaluable source to the history of the county. His house, "The Pillars," is a historic house museum in Bolivar. Another historic building, the Little Courthouse (circa 1824), is the county's official museum, administered by the county chapter of the Association for the Preservation of Tennessee Antiquities. John Milton Hubbard, another diarist, wrote Notes of a Private. Hubbard was headmaster of Bolivar Male Academy when he marched away to the Civil War with his students. Egbert Haywood Osborne--educator, Baptist minister, Confederate soldier, and lawyer--published a book of poems. Charles Austin Miller, 1890 Tennessee secretary of state, compiled the Official and Political Manual of Tennessee. Jesse Christopher Allen and James H. White worked to establish schools for black children in the 1930s.

For much of its history, Hardeman County's economy has depended on agriculture and lumbering. Quickly identified as a favorable site for cotton production, the county early attracted planters who built plantations and worked the cotton fields with slave labor. No longer dependent upon cotton, the county's farmers now engage in livestock production and plant a variety of crops. Hardeman is still the leading hardwood-producing center in West Tennessee. McAnulty's Woods, a conservation site within the town of Bolivar, is the only known virgin forest remaining in West Tennessee.

Since the 1940s Hardeman County's economy has shifted toward industrial production. As in other Tennessee counties, Hardeman workers are engaged in the production of automotive parts and textiles. In addition, factories in the county produce elevator appliances, pyrotechnics, electrical switches, and absorbent clay products. According to the 2000 census, 28,105 people lived in the county, representing an increase of 20 percent since 1990.

Hardeman County Published Records

 

• 1850 Census, Hardeman County, Tennessee (Cox, 1992)
• 1880 Census Hardeman County, Tennessee (Sistler, 2001)
• 1880 U.S. Census, Hardeman County, Tennessee (Cox, 1994)
• 1900 U.S. Census, Hardeman County, Tennessee (Cox, 1996)
• 1910 U.S. Census, Hardeman County, Tennessee (Cox, 1997)
• 1920 U.S. Census, Hardeman County, Tennessee (Cox, 1996)
• Bible Records, Hatchie Chapter, National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tennessee (Owens & Davidson, 1977)
• Cemetery Inscriptions & Notes [3 vols.] (Owens, Davidson & Cox, 1993-)
• Cemetery Records of Hardeman County, Tennessee [6 vols., 2 pts.] (Owens & Knox, 1970-)
• Extracts of Wills, Estate Settlements and Guardian Bonds of Hardeman County, Tennessee (Davidson, 1993)
• First Baptist Church, Bolivar, Tennessee, 1835-1985 (Hazlegrove, 1985?)
• General Index to Deeds, Number 1 1822-1876 [2 vols.] (WPA, 1940)
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Cemetery Records (Black, 1965)
• Hardeman County Tennessee Circuit Court Minutes, vol. 1 1823-1829 (WPA, 1941)
• Hardeman County Tennessee Court Minutes vol. 2 1827-1829 (WPA, 1936)
• Hardeman County, Tennessee Deeds [Books D-E, Oct 1834 - Dec 1838] (Hutchings, 2002-)
• Hardeman County Tennessee Marriage Book vol.1 1838-52 (WPA, 1937)
• Hardeman County, Tennessee, Marriage Records [vol. 1 Oct 1823 - Feb 1838; vol. 2 Feb 1838 - July 1852; vol. 3 July 1852 - Dec 1859; vol. 4 Dec 1862 - May 1863; vol. 5 Nov 1865 - Dec 1870] (Armour, 1965-66)
• Hardeman County Tennessee Marriage Records 1860-1870 (WPA, 1938)
• Hardeman County Tennessee Marriage Records Loose 1823-1838 (WPA, 1938)
• Hardeman County, Tennessee: Family History (Association for the Preservation of Tennessee Antiquities, Hardeman County Chapter, 2001)
• Hardeman County, TN Marriages, 1823-1861 (Sistler, 1986)
• Hardeman County Vital Records [marriages 1827-1832] (Hays, 1987)
• Hardeman Free Press, 1895-1918, Bolivar, Tennessee (Davidson, Owens & Cox, 1997)
• Private Acts of Hardeman County, Tennessee (McIntyre, 1988)
• Tennessee DAR Genealogical Records Committee Report. Executors and Administrators Settlement Book 5, Hardeman County, Tennessee (DAR, 200?-)
• Wills & Inventories of Hardeman County, 1823-1838 (WPA, 1942)